What Is a Laparoscopic Hysterectomy? Procedure, Types & More

A woman’s health often undergoes several changes over time, with reproductive health being a major area of concern. One effective solution for severe gynaecological conditions is a laparoscopic hysterectomy.

A laparoscopic hysterectomy is a minimally invasive surgery performed using a laparoscope to remove the uterus or other reproductive organs that may pose a risk of disease or complications. Also referred to as keyhole surgery, this procedure involves making small incisions in the abdomen to access and remove the uterus.

It is one of the most preferred solutions, as it avoids the need for large incisions, reducing trauma to the body. This leads to faster recovery than other strategies and minimises scars and damage to surrounding tissues.

In this blog, we will explore the types of hysterectomy, the procedure, when a laparoscopic hysterectomy is recommended, and post-surgical recovery.

A] Types of Hysterectomy

There are several types of laparoscopic hysterectomy, depending on which parts of the reproductive system are removed. The main types include:

• Total Hysterectomy: A total hysterectomy is one of the most common types, in which both the uterus and cervix are removed.
• Subtotal (partial) Hysterectomy: In this type, only the uterus is removed while leaving the cervix in place.
• Radical Hysterectomy: This type is generally used to treat cancer by removing a larger portion of the reproductive system. The uterus, cervix, upper part of the vagina, and surrounding tissues are normally removed when other methods, such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy, are not effective.
• Hysterectomy with Salpingo-oophorectomy: This type of hysterectomy removes one or both ovaries and fallopian tubes, along with the uterus.

A surgeon considers and discusses the choice of procedure based on the age, health, and medical condition of the patient. For a complete range of expert care, explore gynaecology treatment services in London to better understand your options.

B] Laparoscopic Hysterectomy Procedure

Before the surgery, the patient may be advised to fast for a certain period of time, discontinue certain medications, and undergo blood tests and imaging scans to avoid any complications.

The procedure begins with the administration of anaesthesia to the patient, particularly general anaesthesia, since the incisions are small.

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) gas is then pumped into the abdomen, which helps to create space and improve visibility in the abdominal cavity.

Next, 2-4 small incisions are made in the abdomen using specialised surgical scalpels or trocars (sharp-pointed instruments). A laparoscope—a slender instrument with a small camera and light at the end—is inserted through one of the incisions. Additional surgical instruments are then inserted through the remaining incisions. The laparoscope allows the surgeon to view the inside of the abdomen on the monitor during the procedure. The surgeon then cuts and seals the blood vessels, ligaments, and surrounding tissues, holding the uterus in place.

The uterus is removed either through one of the abdominal incisions or through the vagina, in a procedure called laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy.

A technique called morcellation is sometimes used in which the uterus is cut into smaller sections inside the body and then taken out through the smaller incisions or the vagina. This can be done with a special device called a morcellator or manually.

The other reproductive organs, such as the fallopian tubes and ovaries, may also be removed based on the reason for the surgery.

Finally, the instruments are withdrawn, and the gas is released. The incisions are closed using sutures or surgical glue.

C] When Is a Hysterectomy Recommended?

A hysterectomy is generally recommended when other methods are not suitable or have failed in managing certain conditions. Some of the common reasons include endometriosis which does not respond to medications. In such cases, you may want to explore specialised options for endometriosis treatment in London. Other conditions include uterine fibroids that cause heavy bleeding or pain or other gynaecological issues. 

A healthcare professional may also recommend it for treating cervical, uterine, and ovarian cancer, especially if the disease has reached an advanced stage. A hysterectomy may be advised in cases of uterine prolapse—a condition where the uterus protrudes into the vaginal canal.

In case of heavy menstrual bleeding, when less invasive methods have failed, a hysterectomy might be an effective and long-term solution.

If you are experiencing this symptom, read more about heavy periods shouldn’t be ignored to understand the possible causes and when to seek professional help.

Before proceeding with a hysterectomy, the patient’s overall health, medical history, and symptoms are carefully evaluated.

D] Post-Surgical Recovery

After the surgical procedure, the patient may feel slightly nauseous due to the effects of anaesthesia. Most patients are discharged within 1-2 days, especially after laparoscopic procedures. Complete recovery may take around 4-6 weeks.

During the hospital stay, the patient may have a drainage tube in place and will usually use a catheter, which is a small tube that drains urine into a collection bag. Vaginal bleeding and pain are also experienced during this phase where medications are given to manage discomfort.

During the recovery period, patients are advised to avoid strenuous exercise, heavy lifting, and sexual activity. To improve circulation, light walking is recommended; however, it is important to follow medical advice and attend follow-up appointments to ensure proper healing and prevent the risk of complications.

Conclusion

The normal function of the female reproductive system is crucial as it significantly impacts their overall health. In certain serious conditions like endometriosis or ovarian cancer, a laparoscopic hysterectomy may be recommended, especially when the conservative methods have failed.

Before proceeding, the surgeon carefully evaluates the overall health, age, and future reproductive plans of the patient to determine the most appropriate type of hysterectomy.

Although this procedure is modern and minimally invasive, it is important to consult a healthcare professional to ensure the best and timely outcome. If you are experiencing heavy bleeding or other gynaecological issues, consider booking an appointment with Women’s Healthcare, a leading gynaecology clinic in London. With an experienced team of specialists, the clinic offers a wide range of gynaecological solutions while ensuring personalised treatment for each individual’s needs.